外國人眼中的“中國白”|美國作家Robert H. Blumenfield筆下的何朝宗
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小陶陶
2022-10-17 德化陶瓷文化研究院1251
13300
何朝宗何許人也?這是一個(gè)一直以來從未間斷過思考的問題。
何朝宗,一位瓷都德化明代舉世聞名的瓷塑大師,其獨(dú)樹一幟的精湛技藝和形成的“何”派藝術(shù)馳名中外,被譽(yù)為“東方藝術(shù)”的精品。
然而,關(guān)于這位聞名世界的瓷塑大師的生卒年月及個(gè)人經(jīng)歷等在地方文獻(xiàn)中卻鮮有記載。
那么,這個(gè)問題是否能在外國作者有關(guān)“德化”“”“德化瓷”的著作中得到說明?
近期,外國人眼中的“”欄目將對(duì)有關(guān)“何朝宗”的研究進(jìn)行梳理,以期找到其中的線索。
從何而來?萬瓷朝宗
——美國作家Robert H. Blumenfield筆下的何朝宗(二)
美國作家Robert H. Blumenfield(普孟斐)曾于20世紀(jì)九十年代到訪德化,在他所著《Blanc de Chine—— the Great Porcelain of Dehua 》(《:偉大的德化瓷器》,Ten Speed Press出版社,2002年第1版)一書中,有以下一段記述:
“Perhaps the most emblematic moment of my entire trip occurred at the Dehua porce-lain museum.In the entrance hall there stood a huge statue of the master,He Chaozong. Imagine the effect on me when I saw that statue. As a collector of blanc de Chine, my visit to Dehua was like a Muslim's visit to Mecca. And now I found myself gazing upon a larger-than-life reproduction of the greatest blanc de Chine creator of all.”(“也許我整個(gè)行程中最具有象征意義的時(shí)刻發(fā)生在我參觀德化陶瓷博物館的時(shí)候。博物館門廳里佇立著一尊何朝宗的巨大雕像?!纬冢顐ゴ蟮奶沾伤囆g(shù)大師!想象一下,當(dāng)我看到那座雕像時(shí)的感受。作為一個(gè)的收藏家,我對(duì)德化的訪問就像一個(gè)穆斯林對(duì)麥加的朝覲!現(xiàn)在,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在凝視著一位最偉大的創(chuàng)造者的大型造像。”)(德化陶瓷博物館舊址位于德化縣東大路醒龍橋頭——編者注)
《:偉大的德化瓷器》成書于2002年,內(nèi)容涉及瓷器的歷史、款識(shí)、工藝、窯業(yè)發(fā)展等方方面面,是研究德化陶瓷生產(chǎn)、收藏、對(duì)外交流不可多得的珍貴資料。尤其值得一提的是,在書中,普孟斐對(duì)何朝宗——這位至今為止德化最偉大的瓷塑家的瓷塑作品的斷代,以及他的生平和時(shí)代,有詳細(xì)的分析:
3.離后所村不遠(yuǎn)處有座白泥崎,又名觀音歧。
“He Chaozong was also known as He Lai and Lai Guan and was a native of Housuo, Longtai Village,Xunzhong District,Dehua County.His hometown was renowned for an earby high-quality deposit of kaolin stone;this mine was known as Bainiqi,or White Clay Fork.Because of the superb Guanyins produced from that stone,the mine was also calledGuanyinqi.The presence of this kaolin deposit created a natural incentive for the community to work in the porcelain business,and many members of He's family were so employed.
何朝宗又名何來、來觀,是德化潯中鎮(zhèn)隆泰后所村人。他的家鄉(xiāng)因盛產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)高嶺土礦而聞名;這座礦山被稱為白泥歧。由于從那里的石頭提煉的高嶺土能夠制作最優(yōu)質(zhì)的觀音,因此也被稱為觀音歧。這種高嶺土礦床的存在自然而然激勵(lì)了該地區(qū)的人從事瓷業(yè)生產(chǎn),何朝宗家族的許多成員都如此受雇?!?
4.從中國文獻(xiàn)的記載來看,何朝宗在十七世紀(jì)早期活躍。
“The only contemporaneous mention of He's name is in the 1612 Quanzhou Fu Zhi,arecord of the local history of the Quanzhou District of Fujian Province,reprinted in 1870. …The text reads:"He Chaozong,whose native origin is unknown though some believe his ancestral district to be Jungcheng of Dehua,is adept at making porcelain images of such figures as Buddhist monks and Guanyin,which have become famous and highly treasured throughout the land."This clearly indicates that He was activein the early seventeenth century.
同一時(shí)期唯一提到何朝宗名字的是在1612年的《泉州府志》,這是一本記錄福建泉州地區(qū)歷史的書,于1870年重印。……文字上寫道:‘何朝宗,不知何許人,或云祖籍德化,寓郡城,善陶磁像,為僧伽大士,天下傳寶之’。這清楚地表明何朝宗活躍于17世紀(jì)初?!?
(何朝宗坐像)
(背面何朝宗?。?
責(zé)任編輯:陳美珠
